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Analytic Functions - SQL Server

 Analytic functions in SQL Server are used to perform complex calculations on a set of data within a specific partition, and can be useful in data analysis and business intelligence applications. In this blog, we will discuss all the analytic functions available in SQL Server with examples.

ROW_NUMBER

The ROW_NUMBER function assigns a unique sequential number to each row within a partition of a result set.

Example:

SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Sales DESC) as SalesRank, Salesperson, Sales

FROM SalesData

 

RANK

The RANK function assigns a rank to each row within a partition of a result set, with ties receiving the same rank.

Example:

SELECT RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY Department ORDER BY Salary DESC) as DepartmentRank, Name, Salary

FROM Employee

 

DENSE_RANK

The DENSE_RANK function assigns a rank to each row within a partition of a result set, with ties receiving the same rank and no gaps in ranking.

Example:

SELECT DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY Department ORDER BY Salary DESC) as DepartmentRank, Name, Salary

FROM Employee

 

NTILE

The NTILE function divides a result set into a specified number of groups, assigning each row a group number.

Example:

SELECT NTILE(4) OVER(ORDER BY Sales DESC) as SalesGroup, Salesperson, Sales

FROM SalesData

 

LAG

The LAG function returns the value of a column in a previous row within the same partition, with an optional offset.

Example:

SELECT Salesperson, Sales, LAG(Sales, 1) OVER(PARTITION BY Salesperson ORDER BY Date) as PreviousSales

FROM SalesData

 

LEAD

The LEAD function returns the value of a column in a subsequent row within the same partition, with an optional offset.

Example:

SELECT Salesperson, Sales, LEAD(Sales, 1) OVER(PARTITION BY Salesperson ORDER BY Date) as NextSales

FROM SalesData

 

FIRST_VALUE

The FIRST_VALUE function returns the value of the first row within a partition of a result set.

Example:

SELECT Department, Name, Salary, FIRST_VALUE(Name) OVER(PARTITION BY Department ORDER BY Salary DESC) as TopEarner

FROM Employee

 

LAST_VALUE

The LAST_VALUE function returns the value of the last row within a partition of a result set.

Example:

SELECT Department, Name, Salary, LAST_VALUE(Name) OVER(PARTITION BY Department ORDER BY Salary DESC) as LowestEarner

FROM Employee

 

SUM

The SUM function returns the sum of a column within a partition of a result set.

Example:

SELECT Department, Name, Salary, SUM(Salary) OVER(PARTITION BY Department) as DepartmentTotal

FROM Employee

 

AVG

The AVG function returns the average value of a column within a partition of a result set.

Example:

SELECT Department, Name, Salary, AVG(Salary) OVER(PARTITION BY Department) as DepartmentAverage

FROM Employee

 

MAX

The MAX function returns the maximum value of a column within a partition of a result set.

Example:

SELECT Department, Name, Salary, MAX(Salary) OVER(PARTITION BY Department) as DepartmentMax

FROM Employee

 

MIN

The MIN function returns the minimum value of a column within a partition of a result set.

Example:

SELECT Department, Name, Salary, MIN(Salary) OVER(PARTITION BY Department) as DepartmentMin

FROM Employee

 

Reference

              https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/analytic-functions-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16

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